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🫀Is Causality Overrated? A Response to @PeterAttiaMD on @hubermanlab (Full Video for @X) I wanted to respectfully address Dr. Peter Attia's views on causality, LDL, ApoB, and cardiovascular disease, offering a rebuttal to his position on the topic. I think he misses a…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1963198918667206804

Published: September 3, 2025 11:14

🫀Is Causality Overrated? A Response to @PeterAttiaMD on @hubermanlab (Full Video for @X)I wanted to respectfully address Dr. Peter Attia's views on causality, LDL, ApoB, and cardiovascular disease, offering a rebuttal to his position on the topic.I think…

If you are interested in learning more, hyperlinks to letters and/or videos on Statin and GLP-1, Lp(a), Vitamin C and Heart Health, Seed Oils, Omega fats, The Power of Zero CAC, Heart-Brain Axis, Gut-Heart Axis, and more can be found at the end of this source letter:…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1963198922538573968

Published: September 3, 2025 11:14

If you are interested in learning more, hyperlinks to letters and/or videos on Statin and GLP-1, Lp(a), Vitamin C and Heart Health, Seed Oils, Omega fats, The Power of Zero CAC, Heart-Brain Axis, Gut-Heart Axis, and more can be found at the end of this…

Yesterday's "Nuance Nibble" hit a nerve. First off, thanks for the nerdthusiasm. It's not often people are so passionate about the nuances of factors like 'causality' in science and health, a passion @PeterAttiaMD and I share. In response to further feedback, I wanted to…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1962875055639011702

Published: September 2, 2025 13:47

Yesterday's "Nuance Nibble" hit a nerve. First off, thanks for the nerdthusiasm. It's not often people are so passionate about the nuances of factors like 'causality' in science and health, a passion @PeterAttiaMD and I share. In response to further…

3/3) If you want to learn more about fasting, the heart, metabolism and how to implement this science as *Protocols* you can introduce in your own life, read today’s Newsletter: staycuriousmetabolism.substa…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1962834931807039821

Published: September 2, 2025 11:08

3/3) If you want to learn more about fasting, the heart, metabolism and how to implement this science as *Protocols* you can introduce in your own life, read today’s Newsletter: staycuriousmetabolism.substa…

2/3) The researchers found BDH1 was essential for metabolic adaptations that occurred during fasting. This included stabilizing blood sugar levels, increased fat metabolism efficiency, and preservation (and even gain) of lean mass. In effect, fasting didn’t just shift fuel tanks to fatty acids and ketones, it rewired and reprogrammed the entire engine 🫀

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1962834928766202048

Published: September 2, 2025 11:08

2/3) The researchers found BDH1 was essential for metabolic adaptations that occurred during fasting.This included stabilizing blood sugar levels, increased fat metabolism efficiency, and preservation (and even gain) of lean mass. In effect, fasting didn’t…

Metabolic Reprogramming of the Heart Through Intermittent Fasting 1/3) The study at the center of today’s letter was published in @Cell_Metabolism. The researchers set out to ask the question: What happens to metabolism during intermittent fasting? One enzyme drew particular…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1962834925926617563

Published: September 2, 2025 11:08

Metabolic Reprogramming of the Heart Through Intermittent Fasting1/3) The study at the center of today’s letter was published in @Cell_Metabolism. The researchers set out to ask the question: What happens to metabolism during intermittent fasting?One…

Thanks for the feedback. Certainly the first time my scientific arguments have been analogized to a "Michelin-starred dinner." I do hope we can expand upon this topic, because I know @PeterAttiaMD @hubermanlab and I agree, it's of critical importance. More to come...

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1962502724336996485

Published: September 1, 2025 13:08

Thanks for the feedback. Certainly the first time my scientific arguments have been analogized to a "Michelin-starred dinner."I do hope we can expand upon this topic, because I know @PeterAttiaMD @hubermanlab and I agree, it's of critical importance. More…

3/8) 🚨Again, here’s the point: Causality is not the logical equivalency of importance, nor does the presence of a causal stimulus necessitate a causal intervention.🚨 To illustrate, let’s return to Peter’s analogy: “If you believe [X] is causally related to [Y], then [X]…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1962472949966864509

Published: September 1, 2025 11:09

3/8) 🚨Again, here’s the point: Causality is not the logical equivalency of importance, nor does the presence of a causal stimulus necessitate a causal intervention.🚨To illustrate, let’s return to Peter’s analogy: “If you believe [X] is causally related to…

6/8) Some may counter with population-level data showing statins reduce cardiovascular events and mortality. But that misses the point. Paraphrasing a famous Stanford scientist who I interviewed for my channel (and who, coincidentally, was also a recent Huberman Lab guest): “I don’t care what happens to the average person for one outcome. I care what happens to me for all outcomes.” And the unknown risks worry me even more than the known ones...

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1962472958179352919

Published: September 1, 2025 11:09

6/8) Some may counter with population-level data showing statins reduce cardiovascular events and mortality. But that misses the point.Paraphrasing a famous Stanford scientist who I interviewed for my channel (and who, coincidentally, was also a recent…

Causality is Overrated” – A Respectful Rebuttal to Dr @PeterAttiaMD cc @hubermanlab (🔗at the end) This thread is about one word: causality. 1/8) People are obsessed with it. But first, let me identify the causal stimulus for this nibble: the quotes Huberman podcast clip @HLPClips (posted yesterday on X) in which Peter Attia expounds upon his “obsession” with causality. To quote Peter: “Causality is an obsession of mine. Most of the day, on some level, I sit around thinking about causality.” In this thread I’m going to make the case, respectfully, that Peter misses a big-picture point. This isn’t to ‘mic drop’ or puts points up on some imagined. This is not to end a discussion

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1962472943704780944

Published: September 1, 2025 11:09

Causality is Overrated” – A Respectful Rebuttal to Dr @PeterAttiaMD cc @hubermanlab (🔗at the end)This thread is about one word: causality.1/8) People are obsessed with it. But first, let me identify the causal stimulus for this nibble: the quotes Huberman…

4/8) Returning to high cholesterol, LDL, and ApoB: similar logic applies. Yes, ApoB is causal for atherosclerosis. Peter and I actually agree on this point. But that does not mean ApoB is sufficient to drive atherosclerosis nor that all elevated ApoB warrants lowering…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1962472952772927572

Published: September 1, 2025 11:09

4/8) Returning to high cholesterol, LDL, and ApoB: similar logic applies. Yes, ApoB is causal for atherosclerosis. Peter and I actually agree on this point. But that does not mean ApoB is sufficient to drive atherosclerosis nor that all elevated ApoB…

7/8) Take PCSK9 inhibitors, for example. Suppose a metabolically healthy patient with high ApoB is statin-intolerant, so their doctor prescribes a PCSK9 inhibitor—an even stronger ApoB-lowering therapy. What are the risks? Let’s turn to Mendelian randomization, which Peter himself describes as among the most important in the argument for a causal role of ApoB in atherosclerosis. One Mendelian randomization shows that reduced PCSK9 activity—which lowers LDL and ApoB—is linked with fewer cardiovascular events. But look at the non-cardiovascular side: lowering PCSK9 activity is also associated with a 2.43-fold risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Whether or not Mendelian randomization deserves its elev

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1962472960259666246

Published: September 1, 2025 11:09

7/8) Take PCSK9 inhibitors, for example. Suppose a metabolically healthy patient with high ApoB is statin-intolerant, so their doctor prescribes a PCSK9 inhibitor—an even stronger ApoB-lowering therapy. What are the risks?Let’s turn to Mendelian…

2/8) The first three minutes of the clip are devoted to lung cancer, where Peter uses the Socratic method with Andrew to examine the causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer. He ultimately lands on the point: “If you believe smoking is causally related to lung cancer, then smoking cessation reduces the probability of lung cancer. That is a logical equivalency. There can be no debate about that.” He then pivots, replacing smoking with ApoB and lung cancer with atherosclerosis, stating: “There is no ambiguity that ApoB is causally related to atherosclerosis.” Peter even goes so far as to argue that not treating elevated ApoB—even if the a person’s overall major adverse cardiovascula

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1962472946988962187

Published: September 1, 2025 11:09

2/8) The first three minutes of the clip are devoted to lung cancer, where Peter uses the Socratic method with Andrew to examine the causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer. He ultimately lands on the point:“If you believe smoking is causally…

“The deeper issue is that the system we’ve inherited was never truly built to prioritize patient well-being. It prioritizes protocol, inertia, and profit instead” 🩺 More and more, patients are skeptical of their doctor and the public dismisses “the science.” I understand why.…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1962179007983632723

Published: August 31, 2025 15:41

“The deeper issue is that the system we’ve inherited was never truly built to prioritize patient well-being. It prioritizes protocol, inertia, and profit instead” 🩺More and more, patients are skeptical of their doctor and the public dismisses “the…

FGF-21: The Hormone That Future-Proofs Your Heart 🫀 1/4) The hormone FGF-21 is the Zendaya of the hormone world – young, attractive, and leading the PMID pack in talent and potential. (Shoot…I think I just crossed the line from nerd to NEEERRRRRD.) Anyway, FGF-21 signaling is…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1962150245812351032

Published: August 31, 2025 13:47

FGF-21: The Hormone That Future-Proofs Your Heart 🫀1/4) The hormone FGF-21 is the Zendaya of the hormone world – young, attractive, and leading the PMID pack in talent and potential. (Shoot…I think I just crossed the line from nerd to NEEERRRRRD.)Anyway,…

2/4) For example, when animals exercise by running on a treadmill for six weeks, the heart does what the heart does: it gets stronger, cardiac output increases and the amount of blood pumped with each “lub-dub” increases. But when you delete FGF-21 signaling, that effect…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1962150248966426849

Published: August 31, 2025 13:47

2/4) For example, when animals exercise by running on a treadmill for six weeks, the heart does what the heart does: it gets stronger, cardiac output increases and the amount of blood pumped with each “lub-dub” increases. But when you delete FGF-21…

3/4) The pathways researchers have discovered that mediate the positive effects of exercise-induced FGF-21 signaling on the heart involve FGF-21 triggering activation of the “anti-aging” protein SIRT3, which helps protect against oxidative stress and enhances mitochondrial function within heart cells. You can see the mitochondria themselves grow in response to exercise under an electron microscope. 🤯Quite remarkable, isn’t it!?🤯 Takeaway: FGF-21 helps your heart do what evolution intended… grow stronger with use —at the functional and mitochondrial levels. Exercise is its activation key.

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1962150251659186496

Published: August 31, 2025 13:47

3/4) The pathways researchers have discovered that mediate the positive effects of exercise-induced FGF-21 signaling on the heart involve FGF-21 triggering activation of the “anti-aging” protein SIRT3, which helps protect against oxidative stress and…

4/4) For more on how exercise molecularly transforms the heart, see yesterday’s StayCurious Newsletter:

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1962150255874453599

Published: August 31, 2025 13:47

4/4) For more on how exercise molecularly transforms the heart, see yesterday’s StayCurious Newsletter: https://t.co/SmmXnhgZOJ pic.twitter.com/Kkumtjxnd1— Nick Norwitz (@nicknorwitz) August 31, 2025

The Molecular Gym: How Your Heart Trains from the Inside Out (🔗in 4/4) 1/4) Every time you exercise, you're not just straining a muscle — you're triggering molecular rewiring in your heart. The truth is your heart is not “just a pump” — your heart is an endocrine organ, a…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1961748899229487542

Published: August 30, 2025 11:12

The Molecular Gym: How Your Heart Trains from the Inside Out (🔗in 4/4)1/4) Every time you exercise, you're not just straining a muscle — you're triggering molecular rewiring in your heart.The truth is your heart is not “just a pump” — your heart is an…

4/4) Today’s StayCurious letter is a metabolic sampling – a molecular flavor buffet – targeted at our primary goal: to give you an appreciation for the ‘more than’ pump laying in your chest.

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1961748913490112768

Published: August 30, 2025 11:12

4/4) Today’s StayCurious letter is a metabolic sampling – a molecular flavor buffet – targeted at our primary goal: to give you an appreciation for the ‘more than’ pump laying in your chest.https://t.co/SmmXnhgZOJ pic.twitter.com/3sUhQvvQdf— Nick Norwitz…

2/4) But let’s ‘warm-up’ with an intellectually light fact that I bet you didn’t know: Exercise remains the only known physiological stimulus that promotes the generation of new heart muscle cells. Let’s double-click on this: of all the environmental stressors and physical…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1961748908180140495

Published: August 30, 2025 11:12

2/4) But let’s ‘warm-up’ with an intellectually light fact that I bet you didn’t know: Exercise remains the only known physiological stimulus that promotes the generation of new heart muscle cells.Let’s double-click on this: of all the environmental…

3/4) This special and specific adaptation occurs as the result of the deployment of a complex suite of molecular programs. These include the secretion of cell signaling molecules from other tissues, and from the heart itself (so-called “autocrine signaling”), that bind to…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1961748910793163246

Published: August 30, 2025 11:12

3/4) This special and specific adaptation occurs as the result of the deployment of a complex suite of molecular programs.These include the secretion of cell signaling molecules from other tissues, and from the heart itself (so-called “autocrine…

RT by @nicknorwitz: 🔥My new podcast is officially... LAUNCHED🔥 The #FeldmanProtocol is: ⏱️Long form 🤝In-person 🧠Freeform and geeky at times... ❤️... Thoughtful and personal at other times YouTube 👉 Spotify 👉 Apple 👉 …

https://x.com/realDaveFeldman/status/1961461341786669135

Published: August 29, 2025 16:10

🔥My new podcast is officially... LAUNCHED🔥The #FeldmanProtocol is:⏱️Long form🤝In-person🧠Freeform and geeky at times...❤️... Thoughtful and personal at other timesYouTube 👉 https://t.co/rjckapZCvNSpotify 👉 https://t.co/D9RX614JkaApple 👉…

It's been a long time coming, but here's the sequel to the Lp(a) newsletter and video: Vitamin C for Lp(a) & Overall Heart Health. I decided not to slice and device this one. Here's the whole video for @X. We Cover: 3:39 – Chapter 1. Vitamin C and Lp(a) 6:51 – Chapter 2: Vitamin…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1961386288004600067

Published: August 29, 2025 11:11

It's been a long time coming, but here's the sequel to the Lp(a) newsletter and video: Vitamin C for Lp(a) & Overall Heart Health. I decided not to slice and device this one. Here's the whole video for @X.We Cover:3:39 – Chapter 1. Vitamin C and Lp(a)6:51…

The most important thing I learned from 4 years at @harvardmed is this: Metabolism is Unified. Modern Medicine Isn’t. Metabolic health is whole-body health. It doesn’t respect the silos we’ve built in medicine: neurology, cardiology, psychiatry, endocrinology—separate…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1961181830822150593

Published: August 28, 2025 21:39

The most important thing I learned from 4 years at @harvardmed is this: Metabolism is Unified. Modern Medicine Isn’t.Metabolic health is whole-body health. It doesn’t respect the silos we’ve built in medicine: neurology, cardiology, psychiatry,…

7/10) A higher omega-6/omega-3 ratio is indeed associated with worse all-cause mortality (below, left). Case closed? Not quite. In one UK Biobank study, a higher ratio correlated with worse all-cause mortality; but higher levels of bothomega-6 and omega-3 individually were…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1961024528030618080

Published: August 28, 2025 11:14

7/10) A higher omega-6/omega-3 ratio is indeed associated with worse all-cause mortality (below, left). Case closed? Not quite. In one UK Biobank study, a higher ratio correlated with worse all-cause mortality; but higher levels of bothomega-6 and omega-3…

6/10) “A high omega-6/omega-3 ratio is inflammatory” If we dig a step deeper, we can consider not just omega-6 levels but also their relationship to their biochemical “fraternal twin,” omega-3. Unlike omega-6, omega-3 fats are generally regarded as beneficial for the heart and…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1961024525308424377

Published: August 28, 2025 11:14

6/10) “A high omega-6/omega-3 ratio is inflammatory”If we dig a step deeper, we can consider not just omega-6 levels but also their relationship to their biochemical “fraternal twin,” omega-3. Unlike omega-6, omega-3 fats are generally regarded as…

Seed Oils: A Provocatively Reasonable Take *In anticipation of a 3.5hr debate between me and @paulsaladinomd 👉🔗to full letter at the end 1/10) I’m fascinated by the seed oil debate for two reasons: (1) The data are complex and often contradictory (2) It’s surprisingly hard to…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1961024504575963320

Published: August 28, 2025 11:14

Seed Oils: A Provocatively Reasonable Take *In anticipation of a 3.5hr debate between me and @paulsaladinomd 👉🔗to full letter at the end1/10) I’m fascinated by the seed oil debate for two reasons:(1) The data are complex and often contradictory(2) It’s…

5/10) In fact, most evidence suggests that high intake and tissue levels (including adipose tissue levels) of omega-6 fatty acids are linked to positive health outcomes. I’m not saying these data don’t have their limitations. But neither is it reasonable to entirely disregard…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1961024522309550331

Published: August 28, 2025 11:14

5/10) In fact, most evidence suggests that high intake and tissue levels (including adipose tissue levels) of omega-6 fatty acids are linked to positive health outcomes. I’m not saying these data don’t have their limitations. But neither is it reasonable…

9/10) A Short Note on 4-Hydroxynoneal (4-HNE): Now, I’d be remiss not to mention 4-HNE—an aldehyde formed during the oxidation of omega-6 fatty acids. It’s a fascinating yet problematic compound, and one that probably deserves an entire newsletter of its own. In brief, 4-HNE promotes cell death and metabolic dysfunction and accumulates in a range of chronic diseases, from Alzheimer’s and cardiovascular disease to cancer. Focusing on cardiovascular disease as an example: 4-HNE can bind to ApoB on LDL particles, encourage foam cell formation, drive inflammation, and ultimately worsen atherosclerosis. Interestingly, the primary source of 4-HNE is not dietary omega-6 fats but the body’s own inte

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1961024534116470799

Published: August 28, 2025 11:14

9/10) A Short Note on 4-Hydroxynoneal (4-HNE): Now, I’d be remiss not to mention 4-HNE—an aldehyde formed during the oxidation of omega-6 fatty acids. It’s a fascinating yet problematic compound, and one that probably deserves an entire newsletter of its…

10/10) But we’re just getting started! In the rest of today’s letter (🔗 below), we discuss: 🔥Whether “Toxic” processing chemicals are a real concern 🔥Big Food’s influence (and where the conspiracy theories go wrong) 🔥What to make of a mountain of personal testimonials…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1961024536687542348

Published: August 28, 2025 11:14

10/10) But we’re just getting started! In the rest of today’s letter (🔗 below), we discuss:🔥Whether “Toxic” processing chemicals are a real concern🔥Big Food’s influence (and where the conspiracy theories go wrong)🔥What to make of a mountain of personal…

2/10) At a High Level: My Stance on Seed Oils In short, I believe seed oils—here defined as highly industrialized and processed oils extracted from plants using “harsh” chemical and heating methods—are unnecessary at best and harmful at worst. I personally avoid sunflower,…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1961024508015304944

Published: August 28, 2025 11:14

2/10) At a High Level: My Stance on Seed OilsIn short, I believe seed oils—here defined as highly industrialized and processed oils extracted from plants using “harsh” chemical and heating methods—are unnecessary at best and harmful at worst.I personally…

4/10) “Our ancestors didn’t eat this much omega-6 (linoleic acid)” The first “sin of the seed” is its high proportion of omega-6 fat (mostly linoleic acid). Estimates vary, but our ancestors likely consumed about 2% of their energy from linoleic acid, whereas those in the…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1961024519277068454

Published: August 28, 2025 11:14

4/10) “Our ancestors didn’t eat this much omega-6 (linoleic acid)”The first “sin of the seed” is its high proportion of omega-6 fat (mostly linoleic acid).Estimates vary, but our ancestors likely consumed about 2% of their energy from linoleic acid,…

3/10) Now, some of you may be thinking, “Wow, Nick. Way to be anti-climactic.” But please pause and consider how I said what I said as compared to what is often said. 🛑I am NOT claiming that seed oils are “toxic engine lubricants in a conspiracy by Big Food and the academic…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1961024516512981439

Published: August 28, 2025 11:14

3/10) Now, some of you may be thinking, “Wow, Nick. Way to be anti-climactic.”But please pause and consider how I said what I said as compared to what is often said.🛑I am NOT claiming that seed oils are “toxic engine lubricants in a conspiracy by Big Food…

8/10) “Linoleic acid & oxidation susceptibility” Let’s go another level deeper. One concern about linoleic acid is that it’s “fragile” and prone to oxidation, a process that can lead to inflammation and other negative health effects. Linoleic acid can be oxidized either before…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1961024531167916431

Published: August 28, 2025 11:14

8/10) “Linoleic acid & oxidation susceptibility”Let’s go another level deeper. One concern about linoleic acid is that it’s “fragile” and prone to oxidation, a process that can lead to inflammation and other negative health effects. Linoleic acid can be…

Statins Slash GLP-1 (Human Trial) – 44 Sec Summary Human controlled trial data published in a major journal show that statins cause insulin resistance and deplete GLP-1 levels in humans. This should have been breaking news. 🤔Why is no one talking about it? 🤔Why don’t doctors…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1960661893313413372

Published: August 27, 2025 11:13

Statins Slash GLP-1 (Human Trial) – 44 Sec SummaryHuman controlled trial data published in a major journal show that statins cause insulin resistance and deplete GLP-1 levels in humans. This should have been breaking news. 🤔Why is no one talking about it?…

Doctors want Data Too 🩺👨🏻‍⚕️👩‍⚕️ #InformedConsent (Share to Care) Statins are a multi-billion-dollar industry—and a routine part of standard medical care. But modern medical culture, shaped directly or indirectly by economic incentives, tends to discourage scrutiny of their downsides. Yet like any powerful drug, statins carry risks. They can raise blood sugar, promote insulin resistance, and suppress GLP-1 levels. These aren’t opinions—they’re data. And the data are clear. Let me be clear, too: I’m not saying you should or shouldn’t take statins. This isn’t about directives. It’s about informed consent. Almost every medical decision involves risk-benefit tradeoffs. But when doctors and p

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1960327578280964118

Published: August 26, 2025 13:04

Doctors want Data Too 🩺👨🏻‍⚕️👩‍⚕️#InformedConsent (Share to Care)Statins are a multi-billion-dollar industry—and a routine part of standard medical care. But modern medical culture, shaped directly or indirectly by economic incentives, tends to discourage…

...Now 'W.A.L.K!' ... JK... WATCH the full Dogs as Medicine video to celebrate your best friend and show your dog (and personal health) some love. I promise you’ll walk away laughing and with your jaw on the floor.

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1960298105636618516

Published: August 26, 2025 11:07

...Now 'W.A.L.K!' ... JK... WATCH the full Dogs as Medicine video to celebrate your best friend and show your dog (and personal health) some love. I promise you’ll walk away laughing and with your jaw on the floor.https://t.co/xHn4JOoGAY— Nick Norwitz…

Happy #InternationalDogDay! (Your Dog as Medicine) Did you know: 🐶Dog ownership is associated with a 24% reduced Risk of Death 🐶Dogs Lower Blood Pressure in a RCT 🐶Dogs Boost Social Bonding and Reduce Anxiety 🐶Dogs Reduce Food Allergies in Children by 90%! And much more……

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1960298103900078337

Published: August 26, 2025 11:07

Happy #InternationalDogDay! (Your Dog as Medicine)Did you know:🐶Dog ownership is associated with a 24% reduced Risk of Death🐶Dogs Lower Blood Pressure in a RCT🐶Dogs Boost Social Bonding and Reduce Anxiety🐶Dogs Reduce Food Allergies in Children by 90%!And…

...Now, if you’re interested in engaging on other platforms on these data (Statins lower GLP-1 in human controlled trial) 👇 YouTube: Substack: Instagram Carousel: Instagram 10 min post:…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1959941205669597634

Published: August 25, 2025 11:29

...Now, if you’re interested in engaging on other platforms on these data (Statins lower GLP-1 in human controlled trial) 👇YouTube: https://t.co/3hjJ0LmksgSubstack: https://t.co/COzYIM6RywInstagram Carousel: https://t.co/urkyZ2sNCNInstagram 10 min post:……

Statins Slash GLP-1: (~10-minute Data Digest for @X) Human trial data published in a major journal show that statins cause insulin resistance and deplete GLP-1 levels in humans. This should have been breaking news... But no one talked about it. Why don’t doctors know? Why…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1959941202616242256

Published: August 25, 2025 11:29

Statins Slash GLP-1: (~10-minute Data Digest for @X)Human trial data published in a major journal show that statins cause insulin resistance and deplete GLP-1 levels in humans. This should have been breaking news...But no one talked about it. Why don’t…

“The deeper issue is that the system we’ve inherited was never truly built to prioritize patient well-being. It prioritizes protocol, inertia, and profit instead” – This is the most quoted excerpt from yesterday’s letter on how statins cause insulin resistance and slash GLP-1…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1959577421964890546

Published: August 24, 2025 11:23

“The deeper issue is that the system we’ve inherited was never truly built to prioritize patient well-being. It prioritizes protocol, inertia, and profit instead” – This is the most quoted excerpt from yesterday’s letter on how statins cause insulin…

9/9) For the full story on these new data showing how statins promote insulin resistance and reduce GLP-1 levels – and what it means – see today’s newsletter:

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1959212521321107958

Published: August 23, 2025 11:14

9/9) For the full story on these new data showing how statins promote insulin resistance and reduce GLP-1 levels – and what it means – see today’s newsletter: https://t.co/COzYIM6Ryw pic.twitter.com/Wy1uwejuxA— Nick Norwitz (@nicknorwitz) August 23, 2025

6/9) Does it work in humans? Yes! In a s pilot trial, patients who had been on statin therapy for at least six months were given daily UDCA supplementation (500 mg/day). The results? UDCA significantly improved every key metric: it lowered average blood glucose (HbA1c), reduced…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1959212514115232000

Published: August 23, 2025 11:13

6/9) Does it work in humans? Yes! In a s pilot trial, patients who had been on statin therapy for at least six months were given daily UDCA supplementation (500 mg/day).The results?UDCA significantly improved every key metric: it lowered average blood…

3/9) The researchers dug deeper to understand how statins were doing this. They discovered that statins altered the gut microbiome in a very specific way. The statin-treated patients had different levels of certain secondary bile acids – compounds made by gut bacteria. Most…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1959212505315541233

Published: August 23, 2025 11:13

3/9) The researchers dug deeper to understand how statins were doing this. They discovered that statins altered the gut microbiome in a very specific way. The statin-treated patients had different levels of certain secondary bile acids – compounds made by…

4/9) To confirm causality, the researchers turned to a mouse model. Just like in humans, mice given statins developed insulin resistance and showed a substantial drop in GLP-1 levels. Furthermore, when microbiomes were transplanted from human patients who were taking statins…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1959212508369015117

Published: August 23, 2025 11:13

4/9) To confirm causality, the researchers turned to a mouse model. Just like in humans, mice given statins developed insulin resistance and showed a substantial drop in GLP-1 levels.Furthermore, when microbiomes were transplanted from human patients who…

2/9) In the first experiment, researchers enrolled 30 patients who were starting atorvastatin (20 mg) and 10 control patients who weren’t taking statins. They followed both groups for 16 weeks. The results? Statin use led to significant increases in HbA1c, insulin levels, and…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1959212502333505956

Published: August 23, 2025 11:13

2/9) In the first experiment, researchers enrolled 30 patients who were starting atorvastatin (20 mg) and 10 control patients who weren’t taking statins. They followed both groups for 16 weeks.The results? Statin use led to significant increases in HbA1c,…

Statins Slash GLP-1 Levels - Human Controlled Trial (🔗 at the end) 1/9) Usually, scientific research excites me. But the paper I just read? It both excited and annoyed me. It explores how statins – the most profitable drug in history, with annual sales exceeding $20 billion –…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1959212499279949876

Published: August 23, 2025 11:13

Statins Slash GLP-1 Levels - Human Controlled Trial(🔗 at the end)1/9) Usually, scientific research excites me. But the paper I just read? It both excited and annoyed me. It explores how statins – the most profitable drug in history, with annual sales…

5/9) Together, these findings suggest that statin therapy disrupts the gut microbiome by depleting key bacteria involved in bile acid metabolism. This shift leads to reduced production of beneficial bile acids, contributing to insulin resistance and a sharp drop in GLP-1…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1959212511196012704

Published: August 23, 2025 11:13

5/9) Together, these findings suggest that statin therapy disrupts the gut microbiome by depleting key bacteria involved in bile acid metabolism. This shift leads to reduced production of beneficial bile acids, contributing to insulin resistance and a…

7/9) Before I get to how to implement these data in your life, I want to return to why this research both excited and bothered me so deeply. It’s not because I’m anti-statin per se , or because I believe the pharmaceutical industry is inherently evil. It’s more nuanced—and more…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1959212516300521749

Published: August 23, 2025 11:13

7/9) Before I get to how to implement these data in your life, I want to return to why this research both excited and bothered me so deeply. It’s not because I’m anti-statin per se , or because I believe the pharmaceutical industry is inherently evil. It’s…

8/9) To me, silence around data like these feels like a profound injustice. I’m angry this isn’t being discussed in academic medicine. I’m angry that patients are being kept on a treadmill—taking medications that help in one area but harm in another—and aren’t being offered the…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1959212518309601403

Published: August 23, 2025 11:13

8/9) To me, silence around data like these feels like a profound injustice. I’m angry this isn’t being discussed in academic medicine. I’m angry that patients are being kept on a treadmill—taking medications that help in one area but harm in another—and…

6/9) The clear discrepancy between HeartFlow and QAngio vs. Cleerly is interesting. Also interesting: Cleerly had agreed to do a quality control pass to follow up on Dave’s concern about the reads. However, they later disregarded their previous promise and said they would not…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1958873307505213931

Published: August 22, 2025 12:46

6/9) The clear discrepancy between HeartFlow and QAngio vs. Cleerly is interesting. Also interesting: Cleerly had agreed to do a quality control pass to follow up on Dave’s concern about the reads. However, they later disregarded their previous promise and…

5/9) Now, here’s the big point: THE SCANS ARE THE SCANS. What this means is the original CCTA scans are the source of truth. The analysis tools each provide a different lens on the scans—but the scans don’t change. So, we can take different lenses and different tools to the…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1958873304086774080

Published: August 22, 2025 12:46

5/9) Now, here’s the big point: THE SCANS ARE THE SCANS.What this means is the original CCTA scans are the source of truth. The analysis tools each provide a different lens on the scans—but the scans don’t change.So, we can take different lenses and…

4/9) *Notable Tangent: Making and Example of @BioLayne* I should take a moment to call out Layne Norton for his dishonesty: if he would like to set aside hurt “feelings” and discuss data, I’m game. Though he has chosen to personally attack me, I won’t reciprocate here; instead,…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1958873300756509167

Published: August 22, 2025 12:46

4/9) *Notable Tangent: Making and Example of @BioLayne*I should take a moment to call out Layne Norton for his dishonesty: if he would like to set aside hurt “feelings” and discuss data, I’m game. Though he has chosen to personally attack me, I won’t…

1/9) In the most gentlemanly manner possible, @realDaveFeldman just released the lipid-nerd equivalent of “Here, hold my beer”on the KETO-CTA study. Drawing from his slide deck and some new reveals, I’m going to summarize what you need to know. First big question: Why have we…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1958873289926877509

Published: August 22, 2025 12:46

1/9) In the most gentlemanly manner possible, @realDaveFeldman just released the lipid-nerd equivalent of “Here, hold my beer”on the KETO-CTA study. Drawing from his slide deck and some new reveals, I’m going to summarize what you need to know.First big…

8/9) So where does this leave us? 👉The HeartFlow analysis is complete and agrees with the QAngio analysis—both are at odds with Cleerly. 👉At this time, my understanding is that Cleerly is still resistant to doing a quality control pass on their scans. 👉Dave is hopeful they’ll change their mind. One might say he’s “cautiously optimistic.” 👉When the QAngio analysis is finalized, those data will be published. We anticipate a reinvigoration of discussion and debate because “the science isn’t settled.” It never is.

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1958873312873832719

Published: August 22, 2025 12:46

8/9) So where does this leave us?👉The HeartFlow analysis is complete and agrees with the QAngio analysis—both are at odds with Cleerly.👉At this time, my understanding is that Cleerly is still resistant to doing a quality control pass on their scans. 👉Dave…

3/9) It’s like critics were suggesting, “Well, a Bernese Mountain Dog and King Kong are both ‘big,’ so they have the same destructive capacity.” This is not a well-thought-out argument. The modern lipid-heart hypothesis does not include a ‘saturation’ effect; it doesn’t suppose…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1958873296943886364

Published: August 22, 2025 12:46

3/9) It’s like critics were suggesting, “Well, a Bernese Mountain Dog and King Kong are both ‘big,’ so they have the same destructive capacity.”This is not a well-thought-out argument.The modern lipid-heart hypothesis does not include a ‘saturation’…

2/9) Now, the pushback we received on this emphasized novel finding (“Plaque Predicts Plaque Progression, but ApoB does Not”) is perhaps one of the silliest arguments I’ve observed in the metabolic health space. Critics argued that because “all of these people had high LDL and…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1958873293060280745

Published: August 22, 2025 12:46

2/9) Now, the pushback we received on this emphasized novel finding (“Plaque Predicts Plaque Progression, but ApoB does Not”) is perhaps one of the silliest arguments I’ve observed in the metabolic health space.Critics argued that because “all of these…

9/9) See @realDaveFeldman presentation, here:

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1958873315151393029

Published: August 22, 2025 12:46

9/9) See @realDaveFeldman presentation, here: https://t.co/tvzycPrUxd pic.twitter.com/wfMyFwjjyP— Nick Norwitz (@nicknorwitz) August 22, 2025

7/9) Now for another question: was there plaque regression? YES. Remember, “the scans are the scans.” So, let’s look at the scans. (Again, I did not have access to the raw scans back in April, so these images were new to me as of a few days ago when Dave presented them.) Do you see regression? I do. It’s right there in blue and yellow! HeartFlow and QAngio both found clear evidence of regression, despite the high LDL and ApoB levels of the cohort.

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1958873310407626788

Published: August 22, 2025 12:46

7/9) Now for another question: was there plaque regression?YES.Remember, “the scans are the scans.” So, let’s look at the scans. (Again, I did not have access to the raw scans back in April, so these images were new to me as of a few days ago when Dave…

The most viral paper ever published in @NatureAging came from Professor Michael Snyder’s lab at @Stanford It revealed that biomolecular aging doesn’t just creep along—it spikes, with two key accelerations: around ages 44 and 60. These insights could reshape how we think about…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1958849665924776280

Published: August 22, 2025 11:12

The most viral paper ever published in @NatureAging came from Professor Michael Snyder’s lab at @Stanford It revealed that biomolecular aging doesn’t just creep along—it spikes, with two key accelerations: around ages 44 and 60. These insights could…

To Think Differently About Dementia, Do We Need AI? Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most complex conditions, and conventional medicine has repeatedly failed to effectively treat or prevent it. To truly think outside the box and generate innovative solutions, could we turn to…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1958616772841763185

Published: August 21, 2025 19:46

To Think Differently About Dementia, Do We Need AI?Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most complex conditions, and conventional medicine has repeatedly failed to effectively treat or prevent it. To truly think outside the box and generate innovative…

Medicine is a Team Sport & I'm Optimistic I have my issues with conventional medicine. That’s no secret. But I have never claimed that it doesn’t have its strengths, nor that we don’t desperately need clinicians working on the front lines and caring for people on an individual…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1958536469129158671

Published: August 21, 2025 14:27

Medicine is a Team Sport & I'm Optimistic I have my issues with conventional medicine. That’s no secret. But I have never claimed that it doesn’t have its strengths, nor that we don’t desperately need clinicians working on the front lines and caring for…

2/7) Meet Your Microbial Puppeteers Jokes aside, this is real and fascinating science. Before diving into the new data, let’s back up and give you the tools to understand what's going on. You didn’t evolve alone. We, as humans, co-evolved with billions of microorganisms that…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1958486931773202576

Published: August 21, 2025 11:10

2/7) Meet Your Microbial PuppeteersJokes aside, this is real and fascinating science. Before diving into the new data, let’s back up and give you the tools to understand what's going on.You didn’t evolve alone. We, as humans, co-evolved with billions of…

3/7) Neuropod Cells: Your Gut’s Built-in Translator One of the ways your body “listens” is through a remarkable sensor system made up of neuropod cells—specialized epithelial cells that live along the lining of your gut. These cells stretch from the inside of your intestinal…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1958486934512165103

Published: August 21, 2025 11:10

3/7) Neuropod Cells: Your Gut’s Built-in TranslatorOne of the ways your body “listens” is through a remarkable sensor system made up of neuropod cells—specialized epithelial cells that live along the lining of your gut. These cells stretch from the inside…

The Microbial Mind Trick — Bacteria Tell Your Brain You’re Full *🔗 at the end+ ⁉️with the senior author of the new @Nature paper (a prior @hubermanlab guest) 1/7) What if the bacteria living inside you could tickle your intestines in a way that changes your appetite? Well, that's the punchline of a new paper just published in Nature, which describes how your brain senses bacteria in your gut to alter feeding behavior— the so called “neurobiotic sense.” Specifically, researchers have discovered that a flagellin — a key structural feature of the wavy, whip-like tails of certain bacteria—can actually trigger a signal in your body that travels all the way to your brain, altering your desire to

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1958486928459706537

Published: August 21, 2025 11:10

The Microbial Mind Trick — Bacteria Tell Your Brain You’re Full *🔗 at the end+ ⁉️with the senior author of the new @Nature paper (a prior @hubermanlab guest)1/7) What if the bacteria living inside you could tickle your intestines in a way that changes your…

5/7) So that’s where neuropod cells are. Now let’s prove what they do. To test the system, researchers delivered flagellin (remember, the key protein that makes up bacterial tails) directly into the colon of fasted mice via an enema. Then they measured how much the mice ate once…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1958486939872411893

Published: August 21, 2025 11:10

5/7) So that’s where neuropod cells are. Now let’s prove what they do.To test the system, researchers delivered flagellin (remember, the key protein that makes up bacterial tails) directly into the colon of fasted mice via an enema. Then they measured how…

4/7) From Bacterial Flagella to Brain Signals First, here’s an image of the actual neuropod cells themselves. In this experiment, researchers genetically modified mice so that neuropod cells producing PYY would glow green under a microscope. What you’re seeing is the intestinal…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1958486937074868262

Published: August 21, 2025 11:10

4/7) From Bacterial Flagella to Brain SignalsFirst, here’s an image of the actual neuropod cells themselves. In this experiment, researchers genetically modified mice so that neuropod cells producing PYY would glow green under a microscope. What you’re…

7/7) But that was just a warmup. In the rest of today’s letter: 👉What Does This Mean for You? 👉 How to Boost PYY 👉 Q&A with the senior author of the new Nature paper staycuriousmetabolism.substa…

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1958486945618628711

Published: August 21, 2025 11:10

7/7) But that was just a warmup. In the rest of today’s letter:👉What Does This Mean for You?👉 How to Boost PYY👉 Q&A with the senior author of the new Nature paperstaycuriousmetabolism.substa…

6/7) Using a series of experiments where they activated and/or blocked elements of the pathway, the researchers untangled a biological domino chain in which flagellin → TLR5 → PYY → Vagus nerve → Brain → Appetite control.

https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1958486942712021062

Published: August 21, 2025 11:10

6/7) Using a series of experiments where they activated and/or blocked elements of the pathway, the researchers untangled a biological domino chain in which flagellin → TLR5 → PYY → Vagus nerve → Brain → Appetite control. pic.twitter.com/ax3WpKvWR6— Nick…