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(influenza) AND (wastewater) AND (surveillance): Latest results from PubMed
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Workflow determinants of recovery efficiency in wastewater-based surveillance of respiratory viruses
Published: August 27, 2026 10:00
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is becoming a key tool for population-level surveillance of respiratory viruses, yet variability in recovery efficiency (RE) across analytical workflows limits the comparability and accuracy of disease-burden estimates.…
A cross-sectional study of avian influenza virus in poultry markets of Guangdong China, 2025
Published: August 26, 2026 10:00
CONCLUSIONS: Widespread AIV contamination persists in Guangdong LPMs, dominated by H9 with low-level circulation of highly pathogenic subtypes. The identified surveillance gaps for H5/H6 and the presence of multi-subtype environments underscore the urgent…
Mapping the Surveillance Data Infrastructure in the U.S. for SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Published: August 22, 2026 10:00
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Infectious disease surveillance forms the epidemiological bedrock of public health, supporting the continuous and systematic collection, and analysis of health data. However, these data are collected by a fragmented network of systems…
Comparative evaluation of sequencing technologies for public health surveillance of influenza virus in wastewater and environmental samples
Published: August 20, 2026 10:00
Influenza viruses, notably influenza A (IAV), remain a persistent public health challenge due to high mutation rates and the rapid emergence of new strains. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) offers a potential early warning system for monitoring the…
Simplified Inhouse Nanoweb Membrane Enrichment Coupled Viral Whole Genome Shotgun Metagenomics Approach for Waste Water Surveillance
Published: August 12, 2026 10:00
Wastewater/sewage represents a highly complex environmental matrix and harbors various viruses including viruses of epidemic and pandemic potential like Influenza A and, SARS-CoV-2. The limitations of available methods for sample concentration are cost,…
Prediction of influenza activity in wastewater using oseltamivir biomarkers
Published: August 7, 2026 10:00
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a powerful approach for population-level surveillance of infectious diseases and pharmaceutical usage; however, integrated modeling frameworks that combine chemical and virological wastewater signals…
Detecting and supporting COVID-19 outbreak response in a small-scale nursing home through passive wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2
Published: July 23, 2026 10:00
Passive wastewater sampling has emerged as a cost-effective approach for pathogen monitoring, but its application in very small populations has not been well studied. This study reports the use of tampons as passive samplers in a small-scale nursing home…
Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Infectious Diseases: A New Trick for an Old Threat
Published: July 22, 2026 10:00
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an innovative approach to epidemiology that offers unique opportunities for public health surveillance. Its potential had been recognized in various applications over the years, but it was the global scale of the…
A novel fever prevalence indicator for early warning of acute respiratory infections using wastewater-based epidemiology and machine learning
Published: July 20, 2026 10:00
The rapid spread of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) poses a major challenge to global public health, yet current surveillance systems relying on sentinel hospitals and laboratory testing often lack timeliness and precision. In this study, we present an…
The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Predictive Virology: Forecasting, Tracking, and Combating Viral Threats
Published: July 16, 2026 10:00
The escalating threat of viral pandemics, dramatically illustrated by the COVID-19 crisis, has exposed the critical shortcomings of conventional reactive virology in addressing rapidly evolving pathogens. This review introduces predictive virology (PV) as…
Targeted Wastewater Surveillance during the World Athletics Championship, Oregon, USA, 2022
Published: July 15, 2026 10:00
Targeted wastewater surveillance during the 18th World Athletics Championships in Eugene, Oregon, USA, in 2022 detected influenza A virus, SARS-CoV-2, and hepatitis A virus. Poliovirus detections were inconclusive. Influenza B, hepatitis E, and measles…
Real-time estimation of pathogen transmission dynamics from wastewater
Published: July 11, 2026 10:00
Wastewater monitoring proved effective for tracking SARS-CoV-2 transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, estimating transmission parameters for other pathogens remains difficult due to lower concentrations in sewage, uncertain shedding kinetics,…
Toward a quality-managed operational architecture for wastewater surveillance of zoonotic and emerging pathogens
Published: July 10, 2026 10:00
Wastewater surveillance provides population-level insights into infectious disease dynamics independent of clinical testing, with increasing relevance for zoonotic and emerging pathogens, such as avian influenza A (H5 subtypes), influenza B, respiratory…
Community-level wastewater influenza concentrations and school attendance in Jefferson County, Kentucky (2022-2025)
Published: June 30, 2026 10:00
Community-transmitted seasonal infectious diseases pose a significant challenge to school systems across the nation. School attendance is central to student learning progress and is a key public health indicator. We aimed to evaluate the incremental…
Detection and targeted sequencing of influenza A virus subtypes using Dutch wastewater samples from influenza season 2023-2024 and 2024-2025
Published: June 26, 2026 10:00
The substantial public health burden of influenza A viruses (IAV) requires continual monitoring of circulation to identify risks. Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) enables non-invasive monitoring of IAV circulation in large populations. In this study, we…
ViroBioTree: A Tree-Structured Biological Evidence Retrieval Framework for Viral Protein Function Annotation
Published: June 26, 2026 10:00
Accurate viral protein function annotation is essential for genomic surveillance, yet conventional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipelines often fragment biological evidence into fixed-length text chunks, disrupting relationships among ORFs,…
Multimodal Data Approaches for Examining the 2024-2025 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak in the United States: Descriptive Study
Published: June 22, 2026 10:00
CONCLUSIONS: Global.health's approach for integrating traditional and nontraditional public health surveillance data within a One Health framework enhanced early situational awareness during the United States 2024-2025 HPAI A(H5) outbreak, creating open…
Genomic wastewater surveillance of human and animal influenza A viruses in California during the 2024-2025 flu season
Published: June 22, 2026 10:00
BACKGROUND: Wastewater genomic surveillance provides an opportunity to detect human and animal influenza A virus (IAV). We aimed to implement an IAV genomic surveillance framework agnostic to subtype, which enables recovery of IAV from multiple hosts and…
Wastewater genomic surveillance of influenza A and B reveals seasonal and off-season circulation differences between municipal sites and an international airport, Germany, 2024
Published: June 19, 2026 10:00
Wastewater surveillance has proved to be a valuable tool for monitoring human pathogens. Whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater has been extensively applied, allowing for early detection of variants and population-level surveillance of viral…
Collaborative approaches to masking: statewide threshold development and performance across three respiratory seasons
Published: June 11, 2026 10:00
OBJECTIVE: Transmission of respiratory illnesses in health care settings poses significant risks to patients and staff. Without clear, standardized masking thresholds, policies may vary, resulting in confusion. We developed statewide consensus thresholds…
Public Health Indoor Air Surveillance for Respiratory Pathogens: From Pilot to Citywide Implementation
Published: June 10, 2026 10:00
CONTEXT: Environmental surveillance has become an essential component of public health pathogen surveillance programs. Indoor air surveillance is a promising environmental surveillance method but has yet to be scaled citywide and incorporated into state…
Near-Source Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus With Spatiotemporal Evaluation of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus as a Fecal Indicator
Published: May 15, 2026 10:00
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is increasingly transitioning from treatment plant scale monitoring toward community-scale surveillance to provide higher spatial resolution. However, the influence of monitoring scale on signal stability and…
Wastewater-based surveillance for seasonal respiratory viruses provides a one-week lead to clinical cases and hospital admissions
Published: May 15, 2026 10:00
Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) is a complementary tool for infectious disease surveillance, providing independent data that is inclusive of entire populations. We evaluated the role of WBS in tracking seasonal respiratory viral infections caused by…
"Navigating Healthy Waters": monitoring ship wastewater as a key defense against infectious diseases-a pilot study on a Mediterranean seaport
Published: May 11, 2026 10:00
Wastewater-based surveillance represents a non-invasive approach to monitor pathogen circulation, but data on cruise ships are scarce, although this enclosed environment is prone to infectious diseases spreading. We conducted a pilot study in a…
Citywide indoor air sampling mirrors wastewater and clinical case surveillance of respiratory viruses
Published: May 8, 2026 10:00
Wastewater surveillance of respiratory pathogens can provide timely estimates of viral activity and disease trends in a population. Indoor air surveillance could be used similarly with some advantages but remains largely unvalidated at the community-scale.…
Surveillance on California dairy farms reveals multiple possible sources of H5N1 influenza virus transmission
Published: May 5, 2026 10:00
Transmission routes of highly pathogenic H5N1 between cows or to humans remain unclear due to limited data from affected dairy farms. We performed air, farm wastewater, and milk sampling on 14 H5N1-positive dairy farms across two different California…
Integrated monitoring of enveloped viruses in hospital environments: Detection, persistence, and implications for infection control
Published: April 30, 2026 10:00
Enveloped viruses, including coronaviruses, influenza viruses, and others, pose significant public health risks due to their ability to persist in various environments. This study investigates the persistence of enveloped viruses, particularly SARS-CoV-2,…
Evaluating Viral Pollution in Wastewater and Mediterranean Ecosystems
Published: April 29, 2026 10:00
Increasing water scarcity and climate-related extremes are amplifying the need for safe water reuse, however, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) may not fully remove viral pathogens, posing potential risks to freshwater environments. This study assessed…
Real-time genomic pathogen, resistance, and host range characterization from passive water sampling of wetland ecosystems
Published: April 24, 2026 10:00
Wetland ecosystems provide interfaces for the transmission of microbial pathogens and antimicrobial resistances (AMR) between migratory birds, wild and domestic animals, and human populations. The efficient surveillance of wetlands is, however,…
Targeted metatranscriptomic detection of viruses from floors for simultaneous evaluation of respiratory disease burden and viral variant identification
Published: April 20, 2026 10:00
Built environment surveillance is a proven approach for tracking disease burden of some viruses within hospitals and long-term care facilities. However, studies in clinical settings are lacking for simultaneously surveying targets in a built environment…
Wastewater-based epidemiology to enhance public health preparedness and response during large-scale events: experiences from the 2024 Republican and Democratic National Conventions - Milwaukee, WI and Chicago, IL
Published: April 6, 2026 10:00
CONCLUSION: Existing WBE infrastructure in two U. S. cities was readily adapted for public health surveillance at two high-profile, large-scale events. Assays for additional event-relevant pathogens were quickly incorporated into routine laboratory…
Dairy Sites with Milk Exposure Are Most Likely to Have Detection of Influenza A Virus
Published: March 28, 2026 10:00
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of the H5N1 subtype has been infecting U.S. dairy cattle and spreading among dairy operations since March 2024. H5N1 surveillance systems for dairies are needed, but information on whether environmental sampling can…
Characterizing co-circulating respiratory virus genomic diversity in Switzerland with hybrid-capture sequencing and phylogenetic reconstructions: Insights into the 2023/24 season
Published: March 25, 2026 10:00
Respiratory viruses circulate yearly with strain-specific patterns. Although SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A/B genomic surveillance is well-developed, most respiratory viruses are unevenly monitored, lacking geographical diversity to capture wider population…
Analysis on avian influenza virus contamination in poultry related environment in Shaanxi Province, 2020-2024
Published: March 24, 2026 10:00
Objective: To analyze the contamination of avian influenza virus (AIV) in poultry related environment in Shaanxi Province, and provide reference for the improvement of local avian influenza prevention and control. Methods: The relevant environments in 10…
Implementation of wastewater-based epidemiology in a Northern California acute care hospital: a pilot study, June-July 2024
Published: March 21, 2026 10:00
CONCLUSIONS: Wastewater-based healthcare epidemiology captured trends in hospital respiratory virus testing but showed limited concordance with culture-based detection of resistant bacteria. While not suited for case detection of resistant pathogens, it…
Exploring bilateral collaboration for enhanced pandemic preparedness: A pilot study on joint wastewater surveillance in Denmark and Norway
Published: March 20, 2026 10:00
The use of wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) in infectious disease surveillance and early warning of new disease outbreaks have gained increased interest and relevance following the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, countries around the world…
Tracking antibiotic resistance and respiratory viruses in municipal wastewater: Site-specific dynamics from two wastewater treatment plants and an upstream Sewershed community
Published: March 3, 2026 11:00
The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the ever-increasing prevalence of respiratory viruses pose serious public health threats, necessitating innovative wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) strategies. We monitored and quantified three β-lactamase…
Wastewater-Based Surveillance of Respiratory Viruses in the SARS-CoV-2 Post-Pandemic Period in Mexico
Published: February 27, 2026 11:00
In recent years, wastewater (WW)-based epidemiology has been increasingly used for surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and has emerged as a potential tool for monitoring other respiratory viruses. Most evidence on the use of WW for detecting multiple respiratory…
Implementation of SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater Surveillance Systems in Germany-Pilot Study in the Federal State of Thuringia
Published: February 27, 2026 11:00
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, wastewater monitoring has become an additional tool in the surveillance of infectious diseases. Many EU countries put wastewater surveillance systems (WSS) in place to track SARS-CoV-2 and its variants and other pathogens, such…
Comparative Investigation and Trends of Respiratory Viruses Using Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Surveillance in Patras, Greece
Published: February 25, 2026 11:00
The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of alternative epidemiological tools capable of providing real-time, population-level insights into infectious disease dynamics. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a powerful,…
A quantitative decision-support framework for assessing the feasibility and sensitivity of wastewater-based epidemiology of respiratory virus surveillance
Published: February 24, 2026 11:00
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a cost-effective and non-invasive tool for monitoring infectious diseases. However, its practical implementation for virus surveillance remains challenged by uncertainty in detection sensitivity, which…
Pathogen nucleic acids data in wastewater solids from 147 treatment plants in the United States: 2024-2025
Published: February 18, 2026 11:00
This data article provides human pathogen nucleic-acid concentrations in wastewater solids from 147 treatment plants across 40 states in the United States. Concentrations were measured up to 7 times a week at the plants. The data run from 1 July 2024…
Wastewater-based surveillance of respiratory viruses in a geriatric hospital: a pilot study
Published: February 15, 2026 11:00
CONCLUSIONS: WBS could be used as a complementary early warning system for the circulation of respiratory viruses in hospital settings.
Handling left-censored wastewater surveillance data at the city level: A state-space model incorporating a logistic function
Published: February 12, 2026 11:00
Left-censored data (i.e., microbial non-detection data) in wastewater surveillance hinder accurate understanding of disease incidence and the early detection of epidemic signals in the initial stages. In this study, we propose state-space models…
A One-Year Wastewater-Based Surveillance Study of the Main Human Respiratory Viruses in a Middle-Size Spanish City During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period
Published: January 28, 2026 11:00
Respiratory infections are a major public health threat. Significant global mortality is caused by influenza viruses, the new SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the Respiratory Syncytial Viruses (RSVs). Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has recently emerged as a…
Recovery and degradation of mammalian virus RNA during high-flow filter sampling
Published: January 14, 2026 11:00
Environmental surveillance of emerging viral pathogens is necessary for defining and mitigating future outbreaks. These programs can take multiple complementary forms, such as wastewater surveillance, xenosurveillance, and air sampling. For the latter, air…
Towards the institutionalization of wastewater surveillance for public health: results from the EU-WISH mapping survey
Published: January 14, 2026 11:00
Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) is increasingly recognized as a valuable tool for monitoring public health at the population level. However, its integration into national public health frameworks across Europe remains uneven. In mid-2024, the EU-WISH…
Insights from wastewater surveillance into testing-related underreporting and hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections
Published: January 7, 2026 11:00
Wastewater surveillance for monitoring infections faces challenges due to discrepancies with sentinel-confirmed cases. This study aimed to clarify how SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in wastewater can reflect COVID-19 dynamics within a hospital. We first…
Reconstructing the early spatial spread of pandemic respiratory viruses in the United States
Published: January 6, 2026 11:00
Understanding the geographic spread of emerging respiratory viruses is critical for pandemic preparedness, yet the early spatiotemporal dynamics of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the United States…
Community-Driven, Text Message-Based COVID-19 Surveillance System, Los Angeles County, California, USA, 2020-2024
Published: December 11, 2025 11:00
Respiratory virus indicators were unreliable at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic when testing availability was limited and residents with mild symptoms were advised to avoid unnecessary medical care. The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health…