RSS Parrot

Chestnut External API Viewer

https://hypothes.is/a/4ichYoMGEfGPPo-0KRsbHg

Published: July 19, 2026 00:15

Create an onboarding packettest test

Caderno AFO - ALEPA - Pré-edital

https://hypothes.is/a/LPPkrIL2EfGSJr9iCjTZ5w

Published: July 18, 2026 22:15

AFO - 18.07.2026

Caderno AFO - ALEPA - Pré-edital

https://hypothes.is/a/PN3aoILvEfGdKvMj9haWYw

Published: July 18, 2026 21:25

A implantação de políticas de imposto de renda negativo expressa a função distributiva do orçamento público.Imposto de renda negativo: um mecanismo de política fiscal que se caracteriza por ser um sistema no qual pessoas com renda abaixo de determinado…

Caderno AFO - ALEPA - Pré-edital

https://hypothes.is/a/yL7XUILuEfGnrANgrya5Jw

Published: July 18, 2026 21:22

funções do orçamento público e seus conceitos: Alocativa - Estado atua na produção de bens, pois há falhas no mercado (competição imperfeita, existência de bens públicos), exemplo empresas públicas atuando na oferta de bens Distributiva - Governo busca…

Bender-AI-2026.pdf

https://hypothes.is/a/ZpDgcILsEfG9lkvl_4os3A

Published: July 18, 2026 21:05

Nissenbaum identifies four factors which contribute to this obfus- cation: the problem of “many hands” (all of the people involved in creating, procuring and using the system), the practice of software licenses which deny liability, the acceptance of bugs…

Caderno AFO - ALEPA - Pré-edital

https://hypothes.is/a/VH2cIILsEfGByHPgt8XoFA

Published: July 18, 2026 21:04

Art. 163. Lei complementar disporá sobre: VIII - sustentabilidade da dívida, especificando:     a) indicadores de sua apuração;   b) níveis de compatibilidade dos resultados fiscais com a trajetória da dívida;   c) trajetória de convergência do…

Caderno AFO - ALEPA - Pré-edital

https://hypothes.is/a/KrgQKILsEfG9QO92bJCZMA

Published: July 18, 2026 21:03

Compete aos estados e ao Distrito Federal o exercício de competência legislativa suplementar das normas de direito financeiro, enquanto a União possui a competência para a edição de normas gerais de direito financeiro.A Constituição Federal determina que é…

Caderno AFO - ALEPA - Pré-edital

https://hypothes.is/a/8ssgpoLrEfG-3j_BH3XEhA

Published: July 18, 2026 21:02

Um vereador pode apresentar projeto lei que crie despesa pública para o Poder Executivo municipal.Trata-se da decisão do STF no tema 917: Não usurpa competência privativa do Chefe do Poder Executivo lei que, embora crie despesa para a Administração, não…

Bender-AI-2026.pdf

https://hypothes.is/a/7PFbZILrEfGs3UMlQM4Rcw

Published: July 18, 2026 21:02

The platforms that allow for this kind of labor are presented as APIs (application programming interfaces) to people, and the low cost and ease of access to people’s labor as extremely beneficial. For example, Little et al. (2010, p.57) write of Amazon’s…

Caderno AFO - ALEPA - Pré-edital

https://hypothes.is/a/qNVRaoLrEfGfF29KADKn_Q

Published: July 18, 2026 21:00

A sustentabilidade da dívida pública, que ganhou expresso status constitucional recentemente, deve ser tomada como parâmetro por todos os entes federados na condução da política fiscal.De fato, a EC n° 109/2021, entre outras alterações, incluiu o art.…

Caderno AFO - ALEPA - Pré-edital

https://hypothes.is/a/nYinsoLrEfG99m_hpW5Jow

Published: July 18, 2026 20:59

Na MC na ADI n° 2.238/DF (Rel.: Min. Ilmar Galvão, Pleno, j. em 9.8.2007), o STF entendeu que “por abranger assuntos de natureza diversa, pode-se regulamentar o art. 163 da Constituição por meio de mais de uma lei complementar”. Assim, considerando que as…

Caderno AFO - ALEPA - Pré-edital

https://hypothes.is/a/g6NhjoLrEfGdFcPFZiCIWg

Published: July 18, 2026 20:59

A competência para legislar sobre direito financeiro é concorrente entre a União, estados e DF (art. 24, I, CRFB/1988). Dessa forma, à União compete legislar sobre as normas gerais de direito financeiro (art. 24, § 1°, CRFB/1988) e aos Estados e DF o…

Caderno AFO - ALEPA - Pré-edital

https://hypothes.is/a/cHALbILrEfGGmHdFACJH_A

Published: July 18, 2026 20:58

A Constituição Federal, em seu art. 163-A, incluído pela EC n° 108/2020, prescreve que “a União, os Estados, o Distrito Federal e os Municípios disponibilizarão suas informações e dados contábeis, orçamentários e fiscais, conforme periodicidade, formato e…

Caderno AFO - ALEPA - Pré-edital

https://hypothes.is/a/Sj-zooLrEfGG9wseNrRfxA

Published: July 18, 2026 20:57

§ 3º As disponibilidades de caixa da União serão depositadas no banco central; as dos Estados, do Distrito Federal, dos Municípios e dos órgãos ou entidades do Poder Público e das empresas por ele controladas, em instituições financeiras oficiais,…

Bender-AI-2026.pdf

https://hypothes.is/a/RrwJEILrEfGJ_FtGVm_KQA

Published: July 18, 2026 20:57

The datafication process, including information about accessing state-provided but not private mental health services, feeds machine learning systems like Allegheny County, PA’s Allegheny Family Screening Tool, and constitutes what Eubanks (2018) calls the…

Bender-AI-2026.pdf

https://hypothes.is/a/KEiwKoLpEfG8UEdLZbD8PA

Published: July 18, 2026 20:42

This has been dubbed the ELZA effect, which can be understood as the very human tendency to attribute understanding, thinking, or other types of cognition to computer systems that flexibly and fluently output natural lan- guage## ELZA effect

Caderno AFO - ALEPA - Pré-edital

https://hypothes.is/a/QekPhoLnEfG9kftY-Lz-Vw

Published: July 18, 2026 20:28

Art. 163. Lei complementar disporá sobre: I - finanças públicas; II - dívida pública externa e interna, incluída a das autarquias, fundações e demais entidades controladas pelo Poder Público; III - concessão de garantias pelas entidades…

Bender-AI-2026.pdf

https://hypothes.is/a/J4gy6ILnEfGdEre6HRVUlA

Published: July 18, 2026 20:27

If machine learning is to be as general as human learning, and machines learn from data, then everything about human experience must be representable by data. This lens on the world leads to varied harms including exploitation of data workers (Fort et al.,…

Bender-AI-2026.pdf

https://hypothes.is/a/u97inoLmEfGDm1uc7dMoyA

Published: July 18, 2026 20:24

Across all of these tasks, there have been both symbolic or rules-based and statistical or probabilistic approaches tried, with the statistical/probabilistic approaches (also called machine learning) gaining in popularity over time.…

Bender-AI-2026.pdf

https://hypothes.is/a/3FG-bILlEfGtPZek_aFDZw

Published: July 18, 2026 20:18

artificial intelligence (AI) was coined by John McCarthy in a grant proposal, written jointly with Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester and Claude E. Shannon for a two-month long summer project held at Dart- mouth in 1956## Origin of the phrase "Artificial…

Bender-AI-2026.pdf

https://hypothes.is/a/rx9LqILlEfGSzu_iq_mqqA

Published: July 18, 2026 20:17

Uncorrected preprint of Bender, Emily M, 'Artificial Intelligence' (25 June 2026), in Rayvon Fouché (ed.), Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Society (New York, NY, online edn, Oxford Academic, 25 June 2026 - ),…

Caderno AFO - ALEPA - Pré-edital

https://hypothes.is/a/kfcsmoLkEfGSjSswRWIKmw

Published: July 18, 2026 20:09

O controle da legitimidade na atividade financeira do Estado deve verificar se a execução orçamentária e financeira está em conformidade com os princípios da: Legitimidade: Os atos administrativos devem estar em conformidade com a legislação vigente. …

Caderno AFO - ALEPA - Pré-edital

https://hypothes.is/a/8WeiCoLjEfGFK2ckGWfsJQ

Published: July 18, 2026 20:04

O art. 70 da Constituição Federal determina que a fiscalização contábil, financeira, orçamentária, operacional e patrimonial da Administração Pública abrange a arrecadação da receita, a execução da despesa, a gestão dos bens e valores públicos e ainda o…

Untitled

https://hypothes.is/a/38bCjoLdEfGYCWNCg2G4LA

Published: July 18, 2026 19:21

SHANGHAI Power CompanyREFLECTION AND BIBLIOGRAPHY: Annotation is not like writing an essay. That was the first thing I noticed and caused great difficulty for me as I was proceeding through this assignment. There are a few important differences to note.…

Homelessness, housing instability and mental health: making the connections

https://hypothes.is/a/zviC-ILdEfGOVmcsRywEuw

Published: July 18, 2026 19:20

epidemiologicalDefinition?

Differentiating Instruction and Assessment for ELLs

https://hypothes.is/a/hcGbTILdEfGvanPxeiO_Rw

Published: July 18, 2026 19:18

For this reason, assessment procedures for students at level 3 must not require language production beyond student capabilities. Instead, teachers are urged to allow students to demonstrate their learning in a variety of authentic ways to show their…

Differentiating Instruction and Assessment for ELLs

https://hypothes.is/a/F4q8qILdEfG27tO5zm9X3A

Published: July 18, 2026 19:15

Recall that content objectives are derived from the essential learning of an assignment and that language objectives specify how students need to use oral and written language to participate in the range of classroom activities throughout that assignment.…

Differentiating Instruction and Assessment for ELLs

https://hypothes.is/a/ojFHsILcEfGCGicyqs8fkw

Published: July 18, 2026 19:12

Students at level 3 in listening generally understand the main ideas of more complex oral discourse. For example, these students should be able to comprehend a mini-lesson in class that explains how to categorize animals and plants at different levels of…

Untitled

https://hypothes.is/a/ZihnToLcEfGSKSt0jiJQWA

Published: July 18, 2026 19:10

While possibly 30% of the skilled labor of the port has sought refuge in the interior, it has nevertheless been estimated by employers of such labor that adequate operators will be available within sixty days after the discontinuance of hostilities and/or…

Differentiating Instruction and Assessment for ELLs

https://hypothes.is/a/UJFPmoLcEfGxpncDPGgufQ

Published: July 18, 2026 19:10

In this way, Toua typifies many students at level 3: They have developed the language they need for social interactions but still struggle with academic tasks because they are just beginning to develop academic vocabulary and a command of the more complex…

Untitled

https://hypothes.is/a/evRgQILZEfGgLPPNAMUmlA

Published: July 18, 2026 18:50

From August 24 onward, the restricted areas were open to our foreign crews between the hours of 8 a.m. and 5 p.m., and much salvage and pre- liminary restoration work was accomplished. This work was done at great risk, but it permitted an uninterrupted…

3  Modelo Matemático para Optimizar la Operación de un Sistema Hidroelectrico. – Fitted Q-Iteration: Estimación de niveles de presas

https://hypothes.is/a/4i5AyILUEfG8PweMv8nchQ

Published: July 18, 2026 18:17

Hecho, en lugar de t+1 es q+1 (lo que anda variando son las quincenas)

Untitled

https://hypothes.is/a/YF2YboLUEfGxnUOg9XLUug

Published: July 18, 2026 18:13

We have been fortunate in securing the co-operation of both parties to the incident, and have been accorded continuous freedom of access to all our equipment, except that located within the front line sectors. Furthermore, our property was declared neutral…

Untitled

https://hypothes.is/a/dIHgnILQEfGe9__F1smLDA

Published: July 18, 2026 17:45

The immediate effect of the incident upon the Company was a reduction of load demand (maximum hour output) from approximately 125,000 kilowatts to approximately 20,000 kilowatts, due to the fact that hostilities which began outside the boundary of the…

Untitled

https://hypothes.is/a/cCfS4ILQEfGY9O8azT0R1Q

Published: July 18, 2026 17:45

. URABE Mitsui Bussan Kaisha, Ltd.Japanese business interests comprise a rather sizeable portion of the advisory board. One sixth of the advisory positions, same as the portion allotted to Chinese individuals. Furthermore, the influence of Japanese…

A portable compared to SG1

https://hypothes.is/a/DgPcPILJEfGgF-Pz6I_JCQ

Published: July 18, 2026 16:52

reply to u/shadowwolf892 at https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1uzynlz/a_portable_compared_to_sg1/ You're comparing apples and oranges and the apple you're looking for will never be an orange. (i.e. Standard machines are almost always going…

2.1. 数据操作 — 动手学深度学习 2.0.0-alpha2 documentation

https://hypothes.is/a/UVRTnIKzEfGL1VOjt0q4AQ

Published: July 18, 2026 14:16

广播机制只要每一维都满足： 相等 ✅ 或者其中一个是1 ✅ 就一定能广播；否则就不能。

Response Synthesis — AI Safety & Governance Discussion

https://hypothes.is/a/QyQPFIKvEfGi6fM7miP40w

Published: July 18, 2026 13:47

I agree this is worth thinking about, thanks @GavinIsInBrazil -- putting a pin on this to return to

A (Long) Peek into Reinforcement Learning

https://hypothes.is/a/HeSPJoKHEfGIfkMoRzfEBw

Published: July 18, 2026 09:00

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A (Long) Peek into Reinforcement Learning

https://hypothes.is/a/qffUdIKGEfGPoTOxCrWk0w

Published: July 18, 2026 08:57

enAI on DOTA2 1v1 competition. After knowing these, it is pretty hard not to be curious about the magic behind these algorithms — Reinforcement Learning (RL). I’m writing this post to briefly go over the field. We will first introduce several fundamental…

Trastorno por atracón - PMC

https://hypothes.is/a/SyZdmoKFEfG01L-OUWm5-g

Published: July 18, 2026 08:47

neuroendocrinoEl término neuroendocrino se refiere a la interacción y conexión fundamental entre el sistema nervioso y el sistema endocrino. Describe cómo el cerebro y el sistema hormonal trabajan juntos para regular procesos fisiológicos vitales

Mitochondrial STAT3-mediated suppression of apoptosis constrains antimycobacterial immunity

https://hypothes.is/a/2LGTIIKDEfGkRjsJmIH_Dg

Published: July 18, 2026 08:37

Trim14−/− mice were developed by MMRRC at UC Davis using CRISPR Cas9 gene editing to constitutively delete exon 3–4 and flanking splicing regions in mouse zygotes (MMRC stock #043885-UCD)DOI: 10.64898/2026.06.26.734825 Resource: RRID:MMRRC_043885-UCD…

Cholinergic interneuron control of GABAergic circuits targeting spiny projection neurons is disrupted in parkinsonian models

https://hypothes.is/a/2I4PcoKDEfGcHRPz4JXeNg

Published: July 18, 2026 08:37

RRID:MMRRC_000230-UNCDOI: 10.64898/2026.06.17.732978 Resource: (MMRRC Cat# 000230-UNC,RRID:MMRRC_000230-UNC) Curator: @AleksanderDrozdz SciCrunch record: RRID:MMRRC_000230-UNC What is this?

GDF9, NPHS1, and RET Mark Gastric Neuroendocrine Cells and Their Disruption in a PKA-Driven Gastric Preneoplasia Model

https://hypothes.is/a/2EGD3IKDEfGhX7fk46B3wQ

Published: July 18, 2026 08:37

PKAcαR mice) were initially rederived from the Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Centers (MMRRC; stock no. 032825-MUDOI: 10.3390/ijms27135642 Resource: RRID:MMRRC_032825-MU Curator: @AleksanderDrozdz SciCrunch record: RRID:MMRRC_032825-MU What is this?

ACLY integrates metabolism and chromatin accessibility to enable B Cell activation and humoral immunity

https://hypothes.is/a/2GjLroKDEfGpaqdKleTGEg

Published: July 18, 2026 08:37

Aclytm1.1Welk/MmjaxDOI: 10.64898/2026.05.24.727510 Resource: (MMRRC Cat# 043555-JAX,RRID:MMRRC_043555-JAX) Curator: @AleksanderDrozdz SciCrunch record: RRID:MMRRC_043555-JAX What is this?

Nicotinamide Riboside Enhances Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Dopaminergic Signaling Independent of Neuron Survival in a Double-Hit Parkinson’s Model

https://hypothes.is/a/2BlNLIKDEfGpXo__g19PyQ

Published: July 18, 2026 08:37

MMRRC_036158-UCDDOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9970859/v1 Resource: (MMRRC Cat# 036158-UCD,RRID:MMRRC_036158-UCD) Curator: @AleksanderDrozdz SciCrunch record: RRID:MMRRC_036158-UCD What is this?

Late endosome transport by RILP-RAB7A promotes dendrite arborization independently of degradation

https://hypothes.is/a/1-074oKDEfGApx_QDYN1Ow

Published: July 18, 2026 08:37

AB_2629474DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2214-25.2026 Resource: (Abcam Cat# ab137029, RRID:AB_2629474) Curator: @evieth SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_2629474 What is this?

Late endosome transport by RILP-RAB7A promotes dendrite arborization independently of degradation

https://hypothes.is/a/18WNaIKDEfGkZM_ZOYI9ag

Published: July 18, 2026 08:36

AB_259529DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2214-25.2026 Resource: (Sigma-Aldrich Cat# F3165, RRID:AB_259529) Curator: @evieth SciCrunch record: RRID:AB_259529 What is this?

Individual pulvinar neurons integrate cortical and subcortical signals

https://hypothes.is/a/13xcsIKDEfGtrmsB0Vz7Ag

Published: July 18, 2026 08:36

RRID: MMRRC_030648-UCDDOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1471-25.2025 Resource: (MMRRC Cat# 030648-UCD,RRID:MMRRC_030648-UCD) Curator: @AleksanderDrozdz SciCrunch record: RRID:MMRRC_030648-UCD What is this?

Individual pulvinar neurons integrate cortical and subcortical signals

https://hypothes.is/a/11gtDoKDEfG48afHd-MRyA

Published: July 18, 2026 08:36

RRID: MMRRC_036400-UCDDOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1471-25.2025 Resource: RRID:MMRRC_036400-UCD Curator: @AleksanderDrozdz SciCrunch record: RRID:MMRRC_036400-UCD What is this?

Individual pulvinar neurons integrate cortical and subcortical signals

https://hypothes.is/a/16D38IKDEfGbjpNkWM8x8A

Published: July 18, 2026 08:36

RRID: MMRRC_030780-UCDDOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1471-25.2025 Resource: (MMRRC Cat# 030780-UCD,RRID:MMRRC_030780-UCD) Curator: @AleksanderDrozdz SciCrunch record: RRID:MMRRC_030780-UCD What is this?

Fine‐tuning quantitative agronomic traits by manipulating gene copy number in rice

https://hypothes.is/a/1y6LjoKDEfGHOu8sbgeLpg

Published: July 18, 2026 08:36

RRID:Addgene_66194DOI: 10.1111/nph.71258 Resource: RRID:Addgene_66194 Curator: @evieth SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_66194 What is this?

Activity-dependent development of vocal circuits in the neonatal rodent forebrain

https://hypothes.is/a/1wziuIKDEfGcHIfSRPq1Bg

Published: July 18, 2026 08:36

037128-UCDDOI: 10.1038/s44319-026-00798-1 Resource: (MMRRC Cat# 037128-UCD,RRID:MMRRC_037128-UCD) Curator: @AleksanderDrozdz SciCrunch record: RRID:MMRRC_037128-UCD What is this?

NGFR induces melanoma invasion and immunotherapy resistance through myosin light chain 2 modulation

https://hypothes.is/a/1sLnToKDEfG78huFwP2ZfA

Published: July 18, 2026 08:36

ATCC CRL-6323DOI: 10.1038/s44318-026-00803-2 Resource: (NCI-DTP Cat# B16F1, RRID:CVCL_0158) Curator: @evieth SciCrunch record: RRID:CVCL_0158 What is this?

The oocyte-enriched metabolite serotonin alleviates cellular senescence and aging phenotypes in the mouse

https://hypothes.is/a/1ugpvoKDEfGcx2uOWY-Ehw

Published: July 18, 2026 08:36

RRID:SCR_002285DOI: 10.1038/s44318-026-00832-x Resource: Fiji (RRID:SCR_002285) Curator: @evieth SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_002285 What is this?

Extracellular heme:DNA complexes promote oxidative stress and inflammation during lupus-associated hemolysis

https://hypothes.is/a/1ni3jIKDEfGkY7-og0AiTA

Published: July 18, 2026 08:36

MMRRC for providing the DNase1l3−/− miceDOI: 10.1073/pnas.2526577123 Resource: Mutant Mouse Regional Resource Center (RRID:SCR_002953) Curator: @AleksanderDrozdz SciCrunch record: RRID:SCR_002953 What is this?

NGFR induces melanoma invasion and immunotherapy resistance through myosin light chain 2 modulation

https://hypothes.is/a/1p6EWIKDEfGEKaOdz0KoLA

Published: July 18, 2026 08:36

Addgene #12259DOI: 10.1038/s44318-026-00803-2 Resource: RRID:Addgene_12259 Curator: @evieth SciCrunch record: RRID:Addgene_12259 What is this?

NGFR induces melanoma invasion and immunotherapy resistance through myosin light chain 2 modulation

https://hypothes.is/a/1lKuyoKDEfGHMGuoJlTyDg

Published: July 18, 2026 08:36

ATCC CRL-6475DOI: 10.1038/s44318-026-00803-2 Resource: (KCLB Cat# 80008, RRID:CVCL_0159) Curator: @evieth SciCrunch record: RRID:CVCL_0159 What is this?

MORC3 represses a tandem repeat enhancer to regulate interferon

https://hypothes.is/a/1iyZBoKDEfGbOzPOxT4ROA

Published: July 18, 2026 08:36

JAX#028288DOI: 10.1038/s44318-026-00799-9 Resource: RRID:IMSR_JAX:028288 Curator: @evieth SciCrunch record: RRID:IMSR_JAX:028288 What is this?

Early-life Wnt4 expressing colon stromal cells orchestrate lifelong mucosal homeostasis via BMP-driven iNKT cell imprinting

https://hypothes.is/a/1f1nbIKDEfG3qw-1FB9MDQ

Published: July 18, 2026 08:36

Foxl1CreERT2-tdTomato mice (Stock No: 068163) were purchased from the Mutant Mouse Resource & Research Centers (MMRRC)DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-72734-9 Resource: RRID:MMRRC_068163-JAX Curator: @AleksanderDrozdz SciCrunch record: RRID:MMRRC_068163-JAX What…

person legal fiction - Google Search

https://hypothes.is/a/54SESIJvEfG7UzPfOIgX6w

Published: July 18, 2026 06:14

A person in legal fiction (or a juridical person)a human being as a person is what is called a natural person in contrast with legal person That is indeed a legal fiction But we do need that distinguish in the world of people's forming interpersonal…

person legal fiction - Google Search

https://hypothes.is/a/R4TyUoJvEfGMWC8ndoRpsw

Published: July 18, 2026 06:09

[search@google/person.legal.fiction/result](https://bafybeihydllfvfknw2drtf2xckow3wjwskfle7svzhr2leh4lw3ioqejne.ipfs.dweb.link/search@google/person.legal.fiction/result.html)

IPIP Communication App Session 01 - 16-07-2026

https://hypothes.is/a/SbsltoJoEfGSSFepYe3pjA

Published: July 18, 2026 05:19

Bank Society versus One Coin Per Hour society. = [Abundomy@youtube.channel](https://www.youtube.com/@abundomy)  …

PIK3R1 mutations in individuals with insulin resistance or growth retardation: Case series and in silico functional analysis

https://hypothes.is/a/2haOAoJjEfGuY3sb_HAfLg

Published: July 18, 2026 04:47

Case 1 is a 20‐year‐old Japanese male born at 39 weeks of gestation with a birth length of 45 cm and a birth weight of 1,990 g (−3.0 SD relative to the average for this gestational age) (Table 1). He was found to have glycosuria during a school urine test…

Functional Relevance of CTLA4 Variants: an Upgraded Approach to Assess CTLA4-Dependent Transendocytosis by Flow Cytometry

https://hypothes.is/a/2cRidoJjEfGHLePw7i5Hdw

Published: July 18, 2026 04:47

P18FGermanuk32.3Y139CNormal––55.8Pathogenic[10]11.11Mildly affectedAlive**Case#:** P18, Female, German, 32.2 years old at the time of genetic diagnosis, alive at the time of publication **DiseaseAssertion:** Mildly affected based on a CHAI score of…

Successful Sirolimus Treatment for Korean Patients with Activated Phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ Syndrome 1: the First Case Series in Korea

https://hypothes.is/a/2jzkMIJjEfGC8rcJPN5p8w

Published: July 18, 2026 04:47

Successful Sirolimus Treatment for Korean Patients with Activated Phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ Syndrome 1: the First Case Series in Korea**PMID:** 32469178 **Gene:** PIK3CD **HGNC:** 8977

Phenotype, penetrance, and treatment of 133 CTLA-4-insufficient subjects

https://hypothes.is/a/2e8vVoJjEfGVReeoGc8fjQ

Published: July 18, 2026 04:47

c.224G>A**Case#:** OO.II.1, subject 95. Male. Age of Onset: 18 y.o. Age of evaluation: 24 y.o. Origin in Germany, Caucasian. **DiseaseAssertion:** CVID **FamilyInfo:** Patient was included in group of families who had a documented mutation at Exon: 2 and…

Increased Risk for Malignancies in 131 Affected CTLA4 Mutation Carriers

https://hypothes.is/a/2Sl4aoJjEfGMRbOoUSushQ

Published: July 18, 2026 04:47

Increased Risk for Malignancies in 131 Affected CTLA4 Mutation Carriers**PMID:** 30250467 **Gene:** *CTLA4* **HGNC:** 2505 **Disease:** autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome due to *CTLA4* haploinsufficiency **MONDO:** 0014493 …

Case Report: Intestinal Nodular Lymphoid Hyperplasia as First Manifestation of Activated PI3Kδ Syndrome Due to a Novel PIK3CD Variant

https://hypothes.is/a/2U58loJjEfG21cPraTYY4A

Published: July 18, 2026 04:47

Whole-exome sequencing with phenotype-driven analysis was performed, focusing on genes primarily implicated in immunological diseases (11, 12), revealing the presence of the heterozygous variant p.Glu525Gly (c.1574A>G) in the PIK3CD gene. Sanger sequencing…

The double-edged sword of PI3Kδ pathway-related immune dysregulation: insights from two case reports

https://hypothes.is/a/2Z3lxIJjEfGbDq_TtjfcMA

Published: July 18, 2026 04:47

The second case of interest that we report here is that of a 13-year-old female who presented in 2002 with recurrent diarrhea, fever, and bloody diarrhea.**Case#**: Female, age of onset: 13, age at testing: 32, age of last documented clinical stability: 34…

The case of an APDS patient: Defects in maturation and function and decreased in vitro anti-mycobacterial activity in the myeloid compartment

https://hypothes.is/a/2XkZGoJjEfGY6pvqNSlzsg

Published: July 18, 2026 04:47

3.1. Case report**Case#:** Case 1, 19 year old male, Romanian **DiseaseAssertion:** APDS **FamilyInfo:** non-consanguineous parents, Sanger sequencing on the patient and his family members (the father's DNA was unavailable) revealed the E1021K…

A novel CTLA-4 deletion variant in a child with refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia: molecular and functional characterization

https://hypothes.is/a/2QGlsIJjEfG7Qy-QMw6O1Q

Published: July 18, 2026 04:47

The patient, a 6-year-old girl,**Case#:** 6-year-old female **DiseaseAssertion:** Refractory AIHA **FamilyInfo:** No family history of related disorders was documented, whole-exome sequencing of the familial trio revealed a novel heterozygous…

CNS demyelination associated with immune dysregulation and a novel CTLA-4 variant

https://hypothes.is/a/2NpypoJjEfGMxefl5jWAOA

Published: July 18, 2026 04:47

CNS demyelination associated with immune dysregulation and a novel CTLA-4 variant**PMID:** 34097529 **Gene:** CTLA4 **HGNC:** 2505

Report of a Chinese Cohort with Activated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Syndrome

https://hypothes.is/a/2LP0AIJjEfGCrSMTZ2zWxg

Published: July 18, 2026 04:47

1 patient had heterogeneous E1025G**Case#:** Wang_2018_P13, M, 2 y.o. (diagnosis), origin in China **DiseaseAssertion:** APDS **FamilyInfo:** **CasePresentingHPOs:** RRTI (HP:0002205) Pneumonia (HP:0002090) Tonsillitis (HP:0011110) Diarrhea…

Abatacept Induces Long-Term Reconstitution of the B-Cell Niche in a Patient With CTLA-4 Haploinsufficiency: A Case Report

https://hypothes.is/a/2JEnpIJjEfG4vmuz5YCrKA

Published: July 18, 2026 04:47

A 14-year-old adolescent girl first developed a relapsing-remitting inflammatory CNS disorder and thrombocytopenia in 1999**Case#:** The patient is a 39-year-old female with symptom onset at 14. **DiseaseAssertion:** The patient is asserted to have…

A New Variant in CTLA4 Highlights the Heterogeneous Phenotype of CTLA4 Haploinsufficiency

https://hypothes.is/a/1_S2bIJjEfGAgXNJrQXkNA

Published: July 18, 2026 04:47

in**Case#:** III.4, a 34-year-old female relative, unknown age of onset **DiseaseAssertion:** Hashimoto disease **Variant:** c.379T >G variant in CTLA4 **GenotypingMethod:** high-throughput sequencing **CAID:** CA350138665

A New Variant in CTLA4 Highlights the Heterogeneous Phenotype of CTLA4 Haploinsufficiency

https://hypothes.is/a/2Gsg9IJjEfGlG19Z_dhTZw

Published: July 18, 2026 04:47

affected**Case#:** II.1, 61-years-old male (deceased) **DiseaseAssertion:** Hashimoto disease **Variant:** c.379T >G variant in CTLA4 **CasePresentingHPOs:** HP:0034954 **CaseHPOFreeText:** Anti-AChR antibodies without myasthenia gravis, unilateral…

Phenotypic and Immunological Characterization of Patients with Activated PI3Kδ Syndrome 1 Presenting with Autoimmunity

https://hypothes.is/a/2B29voJjEfGVRLNjXAc8jA

Published: July 18, 2026 04:47

Phenotypic and Immunological Characterization of Patients with Activated PI3Kδ Syndrome 1 Presenting with AutoimmunityPMID:38634985 Gene:PIK3CD HGNC:8977

Evaluation of Lymphoproliferative Disease and Increased Risk of Lymphoma in Activated Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase Delta Syndrome: A Case Report With Discussion

https://hypothes.is/a/2EQ1IIJjEfGmCRtVX8l9KQ

Published: July 18, 2026 04:47

Case Presentation**Case#:** 2 year old female **DiseaseAssertion:** APDS (She was diagnosed with polymorphous B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder) **FamilyInfo:** no family history suggestive of an immunodeficiency **CaseHPOFreeText:** referred by…

CTLA4 Alteration and Neurologic Manifestations: A New Family with Large Phenotypic Variability and Literature Review

https://hypothes.is/a/16fClIJjEfGVQ8_buU_PtQ

Published: July 18, 2026 04:47

TLA4 Alteration and Neurologic Manifestations: A New Family with Large Phenotypic Variability and Literature Review**PMID:**40149457 **Gene:***CTLA4* **HGNC:**HGNC:2505

PIK3R1 mutations in individuals with insulin resistance or growth retardation: Case series and in silico functional analysis

https://hypothes.is/a/13yS4IJjEfG7QkNCvSIJTQ

Published: July 18, 2026 04:47

Case 3 is a 10‐month‐old Japanese female born at 37 weeks of gestation with a birth length of 40.0 cm (−2.9 SD relative to the average for this gestational age) and birth weight of 1,676 g (−3.1 SD relative to the average for this gestational age) (Table…

Clinical and genetic features of CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency: a prospective study in China

https://hypothes.is/a/187IlIJjEfGAQifjiYlXrQ

Published: July 18, 2026 04:47

Patient 2 (P2)**Case#:** Patient 2 (P2) is a 23-year-old Chinese male. **DiseaseAssertion:** Patients are asserted to have "CTLA4 haploinsufficiency (CTLA-4 h). **FamilyInfo:** The patient's father and oldest sister are both positive for the same CTLA4…

https://van-hoc.pages.dev/thach-lam/hai-dua-tre/

https://hypothes.is/a/nM2k_oJeEfG-nnf3HNFBvw

Published: July 18, 2026 04:10

chị lẳng lặng rót một cút rượu ti"Rượu ti" là rượu của hãng độc quyền được nhà nước bảo hộ cho phép sản xuất và bán hợp pháp — một chi tiết nhỏ nhưng gợi ra cả một cơ chế: chính quyền thuộc địa độc quyền hóa cả những nhu cầu bình thường nhất của đời sống…

https://van-hoc.pages.dev/lo-tan/lang-que-co-huong/

https://hypothes.is/a/m6M0NoJeEfGD4HuRBnD7Yw

Published: July 18, 2026 04:10

cái tượng nộm tự tay tôi chế tạo raĐoạn này thường bị đọc thiếu nhưng lại là bản lề của toàn bộ ẩn dụ con đường: người kể tự giễu mình, nhận ra cái "trông mong" của giới trí thức (đặt vào lớp trẻ — thằng Hoành, thằng Thủy Sinh) chẳng khác gì bộ lư hương và…

https://van-hoc.pages.dev/lo-tan/lang-que-co-huong/

https://hypothes.is/a/m3GTIoJeEfGHdO_Q5KV5Mg

Published: July 18, 2026 04:10

bức tường cao xem không thấy, chắn tôi thành ra cô độcẨn dụ bức tường vô hình xuất hiện hai lần trong truyện: lần đầu là bức tường sân nhà giam hãm tầm nhìn tuổi thơ của người kể, lần này là bức tường giai cấp vừa dựng lên giữa hai người bạn cũ. Nó song…

https://van-hoc.pages.dev/lo-tan/lang-que-co-huong/

https://hypothes.is/a/mzlzyoJeEfGclg_AiOMsJg

Published: July 18, 2026 04:10

Ông lớn!...Đây là nhát dao của truyện: Nhuận Thổ chào lại người bạn thơ ấu bằng một tiếng xưng hô tôn ti (nguyên văn chữ Hán là "老爺" — Lão gia), khiến tình bạn trẻ con lập tức bị nghiền thành quan hệ chủ–tớ. Bản dịch tiếng Việt này chọn "Ông lớn" thay vì…

https://van-hoc.pages.dev/lo-tan/lang-que-co-huong/

https://hypothes.is/a/mwPYvoJeEfG6xdsuIUs2-w

Published: July 18, 2026 04:10

giống con người gỗCâu tóm tắt cảnh ngộ Nhuận Thổ — người bạn nông dân thuở nhỏ nay tàn tạ vì "đông con, đói kém, thuế nặng, lính, quan, kẻ cướp, cường hào". Chuỗi liệt kê tai ách này gần như trùng khít với chuỗi của Vũ Trọng Phụng trong cảnh phát chẩn ở…

https://van-hoc.pages.dev/lo-tan/lang-que-co-huong/

https://hypothes.is/a/msdmIoJeEfG4QkMR8-GBFg

Published: July 18, 2026 04:10

có nhiều người đi thì thành ra đườngĐây là câu kết nổi tiếng nhất của Lỗ Tấn, viết tháng 1/1921, in trong tập *Gào thét*. Điểm hay bị bỏ qua: hy vọng ở đây không phải một niềm tin có sẵn để tin hay không tin, mà là một **thực hành tập thể** — chưa ai đi…

https://van-hoc.pages.dev/lo-tan-ban-goc/co-huong/

https://hypothes.is/a/mjvYjIJeEfGi9V_6TxvigQ

Published: July 18, 2026 04:10

老爺！……Nguyên văn tiếng Hán của tiếng gọi mà Nhuận Thổ dùng để chào lại bạn cũ: "Lão gia!" — một xưng hô kính cẩn dành cho người trên, đối lập hẳn với cách gọi thân mật thuở nhỏ. Các bản dịch tiếng Việt xử lý từ này khác nhau (có bản giữ "Lão gia", có bản…

https://van-hoc.pages.dev/lo-tan-ban-goc/co-huong/

https://hypothes.is/a/mgIYDoJeEfGNoR_stqt_Qg

Published: July 18, 2026 04:10

其實地上本沒有路；走的人多了，也便成了路。Nguyên văn câu kết nổi tiếng nhất của Lỗ Tấn: "kỳ thực trên đất vốn không có đường; người đi nhiều rồi cũng liền thành ra đường". Chú ý dấu chấm phẩy (；) tách hai vế — vế phủ định (không có đường) và vế khẳng định (thành ra đường) —…

https://van-hoc.pages.dev/vu-trong-phung/vo-de/

https://hypothes.is/a/mZ5HZoJeEfGb-Xt5otIR1A

Published: July 18, 2026 04:10

Đó là cảnh địa ngục giữa cõi trần.Câu kết cho cảnh phu hộ đê bị roi mây đánh đập là hình ảnh cụ thể của tầng thuế thứ ba — sưu dịch làng xã: mỗi đinh phải làm không công một số ngày một năm cho đê điều, và ai chống lệnh thì bị đánh ngay tại chỗ. Ba trăm…

https://van-hoc.pages.dev/vu-trong-phung/vo-de/

https://hypothes.is/a/mTNkloJeEfGAOecEVkMnjw

Published: July 18, 2026 04:10

Bác hộ lại kể những chuyện quan trên ở phủ này sức cho dân phải uống rượu ra làm sao, ở huyện kia một con lợn bao nhiêu chai, một con bò bao nhiêu chai...Đây là dấu vết của tầng thuế thứ nhất — ngân sách Đông Dương qua độc quyền rượu: quan trên khoán mức…

https://van-hoc.pages.dev/vu-trong-phung/vo-de/

https://hypothes.is/a/mWVjTIJeEfGi9Pfqni_hTA

Published: July 18, 2026 04:10

Sáu trăm người bị lụt và bị hạn ấy lên thẳng tỉnh lỵ, vào dinh ông Công sứ đệ đơn xin khất vụ thuế tháng năm."Vụ thuế tháng năm" là vụ thu thuế thân hằng năm; cảnh sáu trăm dân đói kéo lên tỉnh xin khất thuế cho thấy quy mô cộng đồng của gánh nặng này —…

https://van-hoc.pages.dev/vu-trong-phung/vo-de/

https://hypothes.is/a/mMOfqIJeEfGAfEtKm5aT8w

Published: July 18, 2026 04:10

quan trên rầy la về trong huyện có nhiều người nấu rượu lậu quá, đến nỗi rượu tá ế ẩm, như vậy hại cho quỹ nhà đoanNhà đoan là cơ quan thu thuế quan – độc quyền rượu, và "rượu tá" (rượu do hãng thầu độc quyền cung ứng) chỉ tồn tại được nếu dân bị dồn phải…

https://van-hoc.pages.dev/vu-trong-phung/vo-de/

https://hypothes.is/a/mPejjoJeEfG0kXs86oupGg

Published: July 18, 2026 04:10

bày ở cái sập đối diện một bàn đèn thuốc phiệnBàn đèn thuốc phiện xuất hiện giữa nhà một gia đình khá giả như một đồ vật bình thường, không cần giấu giếm — bằng chứng cho thấy thuốc phiện dưới thời thuộc địa là hàng hóa hợp pháp, độc quyền nhà nước bán ra…

https://van-hoc.pages.dev/vu-trong-phung/vo-de/

https://hypothes.is/a/mI3-FoJeEfG7oCuJ89SX7A

Published: July 18, 2026 04:10

quan trên ở phủ này sức cho dân phải uống rượu ra làm sao"Sức" ở đây nghĩa là ép buộc bằng công văn quan trên — dân không được chọn uống hay không, mà bị áp khoán tiêu thụ rượu theo đầu người, đầu lợn, đầu bò. Đây chính là mặt trái của **tam độc quyền rượu…

https://van-hoc.pages.dev/vu-trong-phung/vo-de/

https://hypothes.is/a/l9iOFIJeEfGtLtdvBZ66eQ

Published: July 18, 2026 04:10

Trong cả một làng chỉ có độ hai chục người biết chữ, cả quốc ngữ lẫn chữ nhoCon số cụ thể này là bằng chứng định lượng cho quy mô nạn mù chữ mà phân tích "Mù chữ nhưng không mù văn" dùng làm điểm xuất phát: một làng, chỉ hai chục người biết đọc — kể cả…

https://van-hoc.pages.dev/vu-trong-phung/vo-de/

https://hypothes.is/a/mAvCrIJeEfGI2WtiTjQI4w

Published: July 18, 2026 04:10

Cái chính sách ngu dân đã đắc thắng một cách hoàn toàn.Câu kết luận trần trụi của Vũ Trọng Phụng khẳng định nạn mù chữ không phải tai nạn lịch sử mà là thành quả có chủ đích của chính sách cai trị. Chính cái "thắng lợi" này về sau buộc nhà nước phải quay…

https://van-hoc.pages.dev/vu-trong-phung/vo-de/

https://hypothes.is/a/mE0w6IJeEfGkJjOiQs1Gpg

Published: July 18, 2026 04:10

để ngài trình lên quan Thống sứ chứ ngài không có quyềnNgười nói câu này là quan tổng đốc — chức quan cao nhất của Nam triều ở cấp tỉnh — trả lời đoàn dân đói đang xin hoãn một vụ thuế. Ngay cả việc *hoãn*, chưa nói đến giảm hay miễn, ông cũng không có…

https://van-hoc.pages.dev/vu-trong-phung/so-do/

https://hypothes.is/a/l1lhSIJeEfGSUuctjOxe0Q

Published: July 18, 2026 04:10

cho nên Chính phủ đã đặc biệt ân thưởng cho hai ngài hai cái đệ ngũ đẳng Bắc đẩu bội tinh!Huân chương Bắc Đẩu bội tinh (Légion d'honneur) — biểu tượng cao quý bậc nhất của nhà nước bảo hộ — được quan toàn quyền đem ban thưởng cho Xuân Tóc Đỏ và ông bầu Văn…